Impact of H. pylori infection and treatment on colorectal cancer

April 2024

A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology found that Helicobacter pylori infection was associated with a greater risk of developing colorectal cancer and an increased risk of dying from it (mortality).

Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach. Infection can damage the tissue of the stomach and the small intestine, causing inflammation (swelling, redness, and soreness) and sometimes ulcers (sores) in the upper digestive tract. It is a common bacteria that many people may have but may not show any symptoms. It is, however, a main cause of stomach ulcers.

The study included data collected from the Veterans Health Administration in the United States. Among the 812,736 individuals tested for H. pylori, 205,178 tested positive for the bacteria. During a 15-year follow up, H. pylori positive status was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer-related death compared to individuals who tested negative for H. pylori.

Among the individuals who tested positive for H. pylori, 135,123 were treated for it and 70,055 did not receive treatment. Untreated H. pylori infection was associated with a significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer-related mortality.

In conclusion, H. pylori infection appears to be associated with a statistically significant increased risk for developing colorectal cancer and risk of colorectal cancer-related death, particularly among individuals with untreated infections.  Talk to your doctor about when screening for H. pylori may be appropriate for you.